도시하천의 하안식생과 조류 Biotope에 관한 연구- 청주시 무심천을 중심으로 -

For the purposes to prepare diverse habitate and biotope for riparian plants and animals, Cheongju attempted to create "eco-friendly natural river" from 2002 to 2007. The present study investigated the facts of biotope creation for birds associated with riparian vegetation in Mushimcheon-river. Phragmites communis community, P. japonica community, Zizania latifolia community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Typha angustata community, T. orientalis community as emerged plants, Lemna paucicostata-Spirodela polyrhiza community as free-floating plant and Trapa japonica community as floating-leaved plant are distributed in riparian zone. In addition, Poa pratensis community, Bromus japonicus community, Calamagrostis epigeios community, Humulus japonicus community) as weeds are distributed in floodplain. The distributional area of plant communities estimated by actual vegetation map are as follows: Phragmites communis community was 421,747m2(33.95%), Salix gracilistyla community 24,898m2 (0.26%), P. japonica-P. communis community 22,691m2(1.83%) and Zizania latifolia community 20,179m2(1.62%). The birds of 52 species are observed at Mushimcheon-stream from Sector 1 to Sector 10. The Sectors being observed diverse birds species and number of individual are Sector 1, Sector 4 and Sector 10. Especially, abundant bird species and number of individual are checked at Sector 1 and Sector 4 in winter, at Sector 7and Sector 10 in summer. By the observation of biotope, it is known that great tit(Parus major), brown-eared bulbul (Hypsipetes amaurotis), rufous turtle dove(Streptopelia orientalis), dusky thrush(Turdus naumanni), black-billed magpie(Pica pica), rustic bunting(Emberiza rustica), daurian redstart(Phoenicurus auroreus) and yellow-throated bunting(Emberiza elegans) are used the shrubs of Salix sp. and Amorpha fruticosa communities for feeding and resting places. Tall-grass types as Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Phragmites japonica and P. communis are used as breeding places by rustic bunting(Emberiza rustica), common buzzard(Bueto bueto), ring-necked pheasant(Phasianus colchicus), ellow-throated bunting(Emberzia elegans), vinous-throuted parrotbill Paradoxornis webbiana), little egret(Egretta garzetta), gray heron(Ardea cinerea), bull-headed shrike (Lanius bucephalus) and daurian redstart(Phoenicurus auroreus). It was also observed that the small birds such as rustic bunting, ellow-throated bunting and vinous-throuted heron were attacked and hunted by common buzzard. Rice paddy field and dry field are used as feeding places by rufous turtle dove(Streptopelia orientalis), bull-headed shrike(Lanius bucephalus), dusky thrush(Turdus naumanni eunomus), oriental greenfinch(Carduelis sinica), kestrel(Falco tinnunculus), tree sparrow(Passer montanus) and common buzzard(Bueto bueto). Gravelly fields and sand delta formed in water channel are used as beeding places by long-billed ringed plover(Charadrius placidus) and common sandpiper(Tringa hypoleucos) and as feeding places by white wagtail(Motacilla alba lugens), little egret(Egretta garzetta), gray heron(Ardea cinerea), common sandpiper(Tringa hypoleucos) and other Tringa spp. Mud flat formed in water channel side are used as feeding and resting places by white wagtail, common sandpiper and common sandpiper.